LUFFY
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Unlike most other Devil Fruits, the effects of the Gomu Gomu no Mi are always active, making the user's body permanently rubbery. The user becomes almost completely immune to blunt damage, including hand-to-hand combat, blunt weapons, bullets, and even cannonballs, all of which will just bounce off from his skin. Situations like falls from great heights and heavy collisions that would kill a normal person end up being non-lethal or even painless, and certain traps and hazards are rendered ineffective considering the user's enhanced flexibility.[10][11][12]
Luffy's rubber body allows him to hit Enel, whose body is made of electricity.

The fruit enables all parts of the consumer's body to behave like rubber, including their organs. This means that certain actions that otherwise would be impossible to do with a normal human body, such as pumping one's own blood or bones with air, can be achieved through this ability for extra speed or power. Furthermore, thanks to rubber's natural insulating properties, the user is also immune to electrical attacks, such as those from the Goro Goro no Mi, Electro, and Zeus. This immunity to electricity allows the user of the Gomu Gomu no Mi to hit the user of the Goro Goro no Mi (an electricity Logia) without needing Haki.[13] Those same properties may also grant some resistance towards underwater pressure, letting the user fight while surrounded by a deep underwater environment despite the usual Devil Fruit weakness.


Luffy using a stretching punch to hit a target from afar.

The user's ability to stretch and twist like rubber to extreme lengths not only makes them immune to injuries that originate from such, but it also grants them the skill to rebound from hard surfaces or reach people that are far away from their position. For offense, stretching allows the user to drastically increase the range of what would otherwise be considered a powerful close-range attack, turning it into a devastating mid-range or long-range attack. A stretched limb can be used to store potential energy like a stretched spring, increasing the velocity by stretching their arm back, resulting in increased power.

Luffy has shown a limited ability of moving in mid-air, by grabbing onto something with an extended limb and pulling himself away from what could have been a fatal attack. This gives the user the option of several jumping and airborne attacks that would have been disadvantageous to most other people.

In the anime, Luffy has used his stretching abilities to inhale great amounts of air to thus exhale a big gust of wind; this application of his powers was used to blow away Marigold's poisonous vapor from her venom spit and Magellan's poison breath.

Awakening

Luffy manipulating the environment into rubber.

Once the fruit is awakened, the user undergoes a drastic transformation where their hair and clothing turns white, their hair resembles flames, his eyebrows resemble spirals, and gains ringed pupils, in addition to steam wrapped around him. Similar to Gear 3 and 4, the user can alter their physique without the need of inflating their muscles. Kaidou has likened its awakening to the Zoan's transformation abilities and the Paramecia's environmental alteration. However, unique to this fruit is that it can extend to living beings, as Luffy could influence flesh as if it was rubber too. Similar to the previous developments of him using the Gomu Gomu no Mi, Luffy dubbed his awakening as "Gear 5". In this state, his rubbery body gains irregular adaptability that even stupefied the battle-hardened Kaidou.[14]

According to the Five Elders, the fruit had not been awakened for centuries prior to Luffy's having done so.[15] They consider that preventing the fruit from awakening might be worth incurring the wrath of Kaidou, one of the Four Emperors, suggesting that they greatly fear the fruit's power.[6]

Weaknesses
Despite all the great advantages the user gets by using his fruit, there are a number of weaknesses. One major risk of the user's powers is that their stretched limbs take a moment to retract back into place, leaving them vulnerable to attacks in the moments when their limbs are stretched, as Buggy and Kuro both took advantage of early on in the series. Luffy, however, has adapted his fighting style to minimize this risk.[16]


Luffy's elasticity reaching its limits and starts to tear.

Initially, the user's body was similar to a rubber band, requiring him to use excessive motion to "throw" an attack. After the timeskip though, the extra movement became unnecessary, and Luffy is able to stretch easily. Additionally, rubber has a maximum limit to how far it can stretch; in the first SBS, Oda stated that the user's maximum stretching distance is "72 Gomu Gomus".[17] Attempting to go beyond this length can cause the user to bleed and be at risk of ripping.[18]

One of the biggest weaknesses that Gomu Gomu no Mi users possess is their susceptibility to cutting attacks and bladed weapons. By his own admission to Enel (much to Nami's annoyance) and as evidenced against Cracker, Katakuri and Kaidou, it has been consistently portrayed that Luffy has a vulnerability to cutting attacks. It should be noted however that this does not mean that Gomu Gomu no Mi users are weaker to these things than the average person (and in fact, Luffy is fairly durable even against bladed attacks). However, the Gomu Gomu no Mi's effectiveness against blunt attacks simply does not apply to cutting attacks (even when coated by Haki), allowing them to deal critical damage to Luffy.

While the user is normally highly resistant to blunt attacks, things like like Fish-Man Karate and Seastone are able to bypass this durability. While contact with water or Seastone drains the user of his energy and nullifies his rubber-like ability to absorb blunt attacks (as with Smoker's jutte), his actual body still maintains its rubber-like nature, allowing a third party to stretch his body for him.[19]


Luffy getting hurt by Haki.

Just like other Devil Fruit users, the user is also susceptible to Busoshoku Haki. However, the usage of Haki only nullifies the user's ability to absorb blunt attacks; it does not revert the user's body to normal flesh. Through the use of Busoshoku Haki, Luffy's grandfather Garp was able to hurt him using only his fist (though Garp attributed this to "love"). When Luffy's crewmates (usually Nami) get angry at him, their punches are able to bypass Luffy's immunity to blunt attacks, although this is purely for comedic effect.

Another shortcoming noted by Doflamingo is that when Busoshoku Haki is applied to a part of Luffy's body, it stops being rubbery. This is proven with Luffy's Gomu Gomu no Thor Elephant Gun, where, despite rubber being a natural insulator of electricity, the Busoshoku Haki-enhanced attack itself discharges it. However, this weakness is negated by Gear 4, which harmonizes Luffy's rubbery body with his Haki, making him similar to an "iron balloon".

Coming into contact with a user of the Yami Yami no Mi, which has the power to completely nullify all other Devil Fruit powers, outright disables a Gomu Gomu no Mi's rubbery defense. This was shown when Blackbeard simply grabbed Luffy with his hand and then tossed him into the ground, causing him to bleed.

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